As long the default drivers from non-free repositories causes some graphical artifacts (i.e. overlapping white windows), the only option is installing official NVIDIA drivers using their ".run" installer.
However, when you try to execute it, you've got the "Extraction failed" error.
So, this issue exactly related with tmpfs' insufficient storage and mentioned here.
All you need is increase /tmp storage before proceeding installation.
# Resize /tmp mount-point
mount /tmp -o remount,size=5g
# Then proceed the installation
chmod +x ./NVIDIA-*.run; \
SETUP_NOCHECK=1 ./NVIDIA-*.run --ui=none -m=kernel-open --no-x-check
mkdir -p /home/user/temp; \
SETUP_NOCHECK=1 ./NVIDIA-*.run --ui=none -m=kernel-open --no-x-check --tmpdir=/home/user/temp